MELASMA NA GESTAÇÃO

Principais causas

Abstract

Pregnancy is a period of significant physiological changes that directly impact the skin. Melasma is a chronic acquired hypermelanosis that affects photoexposed areas, especially women of childbearing age. Several factors contribute to its development: sun exposure, sex steroids, medications and family history. We aimed to identify the factors that contribute to the onset of melasma in pregnancy. This is an integrative literature review using the following Boolean descriptors: "Hormones" AND "Melasma" AND " Pigmentation", between the years 2016 to 2022, available in integrative free form and whose results met the objectives of this study. As exclusion criteria, we adopted articles written in languages other than those described above; publications prior to December 2016; texts not available for free in full; theses, monographs, literature review studies and repeated texts. In addition, melasma is one of the most common hyperpigmentary disorders found mainly in pregnant women, thus, several factors can characterize the greatest emergence, such as genetic predisposition and exposure to sunlight, hormonal therapies and oral contraceptive pills, as the main factors for the development of melasma in pregnancy. Therefore, there is a prevalence of melasma during pregnancy, however, there are preventive measures, such as: less sun exposure at inappropriate times, thus, proper guidance and effective sun protection should be performed.