Analysis of the braf mutation and its role in the clinical course of superficial spreading melanoma: an integrative review.

Abstract

Cutaneous melanoma is a malignant neoplasm derived from melanocytes and stands out for its high lethality compared to other types of skin cancer. In this context, superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) is the subtype responsible for most diagnoses. The BRAF V600E mutation showed high relevance in the evolution and prognosis of SSM due to its role in activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, contributing to deregulated cell proliferation and tumor progression. This study aimed to review the scientific literature from the last five years to deepen the understanding of the molecular profile involved in melanoma progression, with emphasis on the BRAF V600E mutation and its prognostic and therapeutic implications. The methodology consisted of a bibliographic review using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), and SciELO databases. The results demonstrated the role of the BRAF mutation as a biomarker and its association with greater tumor aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and impact on the response to targeted therapies, while also highlighting the challenges and limitations of this biomarker, reinforcing the importance of identifying the molecular profile for the personalization of melanoma treatment.